Table 2.

ATRA, 9-cis RA and 13-cis RA significantly decrease the production ofTh1-associated cytokines from anti-CD3-stimulated PBMC cultures in a dose-dependent fashion.

IFN-γ	Fold vs Control ± SE (n = 3)
	Doses (nM)
	1	10	100	1000
Retinoid
ATRA	0.63 ± 0.04	0.61 ± 0.05	0.43 ± 0.13	0.38 ± 0.10
9-cis-RA	0.76 ± 0.06	0.38 ± 0.09	0.32 ± 0.06	0.30 ± 0.05
13-cis-RA	0.64 ± 0.11	0.59 ± 0.04	0.53 ± 0.04	0.47 ± 0.09
4-HPR	0.83 ± 0.11	0.75 ± 0.07	0.73 ± 0.02	0.65 ± 0.03
2-way ANOVA
Dose	p = 0.0001
Retinoid	p < 0.0001
Tukey Kramer
Dose	p < 0.01	1 nM vs 100 nM
		1 nM vs 1000 nM
Retinoid	p < 0.01	4-HPR vs ATRA
		4-HPR vs 9-cis RA
		4-HPR vs 13-cis RA
IL-12p70	Fold vs Control ± SE (n = 3)
	Dose (nM)
	1	10	100	1000
Retinoid
ATRA	0.57 ± 0.18	0.40 ± 0.11	0.36 ± 0.13	0.27 ± 0.12
9-cis-RA	1.0 ± 0.12	0.39 ± 0.07	0.25 ± 0.19	0.21 ± 0.09
13-cis-RA	1.1 ± 0.29	0.61 ± 0.20	0.42 ± 0.14	0.41 ± 0.09
4-HPR	1.2 ± 0.47	1.2 ± 0.41	0.94 ± 0.26	0.84 ± 0.16
2-way ANOVA
Dose	p = 0.004
Retinoid	p = 0.0007
Tukey Kramer
Dose	p < 0.05	1 nM vs 100 nM
	p < 0.01	1 nM vs 1000 nM
Retinoid	p < 0.01	4-HPR vs ATRA
		4-HPR vs 9-cis-RA
	p < 0.01	4-HPR vs 13-cis-RA