Table 3.

ATRA, 9-cis RA and 13-cis RA significantly increase the expression of CD38 and CD69 on T cells in anti-CD3-stimulated PBMC cultures in a dose-dependentfashion.

CD38 MCN	Fold vs Control ± SE (n = 3)
	Dose (nM)
	1	10	100	1000
Retinoid
ATRA	1.49 ± 0.07	1.60 ± 0.05	1.63 ± 0.07	1.67 ± 0.05
9-cis-RA	1.11 ± 0.02	1.43 ± 0.02	1.77 ± 0.08	1.93 ± 0.02
13-cis-RA	1.28 ± 0.06	1.50 ± 0.06	1.68 ± 0.10	1.71 ± 0.08
4-HPR	1.11 ± 0.02	1.15 ± 0.02	1.20 ± 0.02	1.66 ± 0.19
2-way ANOVA
Dose	p = 0.0001
Retinoid	p < 0.0001
Tukey Kramer
Dose	p < 0.01	1 nM vs 10 nM
		1 nM vs 100 nM
		1 nM vs 1000 nM
Retinoid	p < 0.01	4-HPR vs ATRA
		4-HPR vs 9-cis RA
		4-HPR vs 13-cis RA
CD69 MCN	Fold vs Control ± SE (n = 3)
	Dose (nM)
	1	10	100	1000
Retinoid
ATRA	1.29 ± 11.0	1.27 ± 10.5	1.40 ± 0.14	1.46 ± 0.15
9-cis-RA	1.07 ± 3.4	1.27 ± 8.2	1.59 ± 0.16	1.64 ± 0.15
13-cis-RA	0.99 ± 4.0	1.12 ± 3.4	1.24 ± 0.08	1.33 ± 0.11
4-HPR	0.85 ± 6.2	0.86 ± 3.3	0.94 ± 0.04	1.08 ± 0.04
2-way ANOVA
Dose	p = 0.0001
Retinoid	p < 0.0001
Tukey Kramer
Dose	p < 0.01	1 nM vs 100 nM
		1 nM vs 1000 nM
Retinoid	p < 0.01	4-HPR vs ATRA
		4-HPR vs 9-cis-RA
		4-HPR vs 13-cis-RA