Left ventricular ejection fraction on presentation with acute pulmonary edema and after treatment. The ejection fraction is similar in both circumstances. (Data from: Gandhi SK, Powers JC, Nomeir AM, Fowle K, Kitzman DW, Rankin KM, Little WC. The pathogenesis of acute pulmonary edema associated with hypertension. N Engl J Med 2001; 344:17–22.)