TABLE 2.

S. cerevisiae strains used in this study^a

Strain	Genotype
CEN.PK 113-7D	MATa, wild-type reference strain
TAM ura3Δ	MATapdc1(-6,-2)::loxP pdc5(-6,-2)::loxP pdc6(-6,-2)::loxP mutx ura3-52; selected for C2 independence in glucose-limited chemostats and glucose-tolerant growth in batch culture
RWB961 ura3Δ trp1Δ	MATapdc1(-6,-2)::loxP pdc5(-6,-2)::loxP pdc6(-6,-2)::loxP mutx ura3-52 trp1::Kanlox
RWB961 empty vector	MATapdc1(-6,-2)::loxP pdc5(-6,-2)::loxP pdc6(-6,-2)::loxP mutx ura3-52 trp1::Kanlox {YEplac195, YEplac112}
RWB961 ↑PYC2	MATapdc1(-6,-2)::loxP pdc5(-6,-2)::loxP pdc6(-6,-2)::loxP mutx ura3-52 trp1::Kanlox {pRS2, YEplac112}
RWB961 ↑MDH3ΔSKL	MATapdc1(-6,-2)::loxP pdc5(-6,-2)::loxP pdc6(-6,-2)::loxP mutx ura3-52 trp1::Kanlox {p426GPDMDH3ΔSKL, YEplac112}
RWB961 ↑SpMAE1	MATapdc1(-6,-2)::loxP pdc5(-6,-2)::loxP pdc6(-6,-2)::loxP mutx ura3-52 trp1::Kanlox {p426GPD, YEplac112SpMAE1}
RWB961 ↑PYC2 + ↑MDH3ΔSKL	MATapdc1(-6,-2)::loxP pdc5(-6,-2)::loxP pdc6(-6,-2)::loxP mutx ura3-52 trp1::Kanlox {pRS2MDH3ΔSKL, YEplac112}
RWB961 ↑MDH3ΔSKL + ↑SpMAE1	MATapdc1(-6,-2)::loxP pdc5(-6,-2)::loxP pdc6(-6,-2)::loxP mutx ura3-52 trp1::Kanlox {p426GPDMDH3ΔSKL, YEplac112SpMAE1}
RWB961 ↑PYC2 + ↑SpMAE1	MATapdc1(-6,-2)::loxP pdc5(-6,-2)::loxP pdc6(-6,-2)::loxP mutx ura3-52 trp1::Kanlox {pRS2, YEplac112SpMAE1}
RWB525 ↑PYC2 + ↑MDH3ΔSKL + ↑SpMAE1	MATapdc1(-6,-2)::loxP pdc5(-6,-2)::loxP pdc6(-6,-2)::loxP mutx ura3-52 trp1::Kanlox {pRS2MDH3ΔSKL, YEplac112SpMAE1}

^aAll strains except CEN.PK 113-7D are derived from the evolved Pdc⁻ S. cerevisiae (TAM) strain.