TABLE 1.
Antibiotic resistance profiles, lukS gene, SCCmec type, and clonal relatedness of 15 Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolates from dogs and of S. pseudintermedius type strain CCUG49543T
| Strain | Source | MIC (μg/ml) for the following antibiotica (resistance breakpointb)
|
Antibiotic resistance genes detectedc | Leukocidin | SCCmec type | gyr/grl group | ST | agr type | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AMK (≥64) | AMX (≥8/4) | CEF (≥32) | CHL (≥32) | ENRO (≥4) | CLI (≥4) | ERY (≥8) | GEN (≥16) | KAN (≥64) | LZD (−) | NIT (≥128) | OXA (≥4) | PEN (≥0.25) | STR (≥32) | SXT (≥4/76) | Q/D (≥4) | TET (≥16) | VAN (≥16) | ||||||||
| CCUG49543T (LMG22219T) | Type strain | ≤16 | ≤2/1 | ≤2 | 8 | ≤0.25 | >8 | >16 | ≤2 | ≤1,000 | ≤0.5 | ≤16 | 0.5 | 0.25 | >32 | ≤0.5/9.5 | ≤0.5 | 32 | ≤1 | ant(6′)-Ia, aph(3′)-III, blaZ, erm(B), sat4, tet(M) | lukS | ST63 | IV | ||
| KM241 | Otitis externa | ≤16 | ≤2/1 | ≤2 | ≤4 | 4 | ≤0.5 | ≤0.25 | ≤2 | ≤1,000 | ≤0.5 | ≤16 | 16 | ≤0.12 | ≤4 | ≤0.5/9.5 | ≤0.5 | 32 | ≤1 | mecA, tet(M) | lukS | VII | 1 | ST73 | II |
| KM336 | Osteitis after surgery | ≤16 | ≤2/1 | ≤2 | 32 | 16 | >8 | >16 | 4 | ≤1,000 | ≤0.5 | ≤16 | 16 | 2 | >32 | 4/76 | ≤0.5 | ≤1 | ≤1 | aac(6′)-Ie, ant(6′)-Ia, aph(3′)-III, blaZ, catpC221, erm(B),mecA, sat4, dfr(G) | lukS | II-III | 5 | ST71 | III |
| KM337 | Otitis externa | ≤16 | ≤2/1 | ≤2 | ≤4 | ≤0.25 | ≤0.5 | ≤0.25 | ≤2 | ≤1,000 | ≤0.5 | ≤16 | ≤0.25 | ≤0.12 | ≤4 | ≤0.5/9.5 | ≤0.5 | ≤1 | ≤1 | lukS | ST74 | II | |||
| KM571 | Infected wound after surgery | ≤16 | 8/4 | ≤2 | 8 | >16 | >8 | >16 | 16 | ≤1,000 | 2 | ≤16 | >16 | >8 | >32 | 8/152 | 1 | >32 | 2 | aac(6′)-Ie, ant(6′)-Ia, aph(3′)-III, blaZ, erm(B), mecA, sat4, tet(K), dfr(G) | lukS | II-III | 5 | ST71 | III |
| KM631 | Osteitis after surgery | ≤16 | 4/2 | 8 | 64 | 16 | >8 | >16 | 32 | ≤1,000 | ≤0.5 | ≤16 | >16 | >8 | >32 | 8/152 | 1 | >32 | ≤1 | ant(6′)-Ia, aph(3′)-III, blaZ, catpC221, erm(B), mecA, sat4, tet(K), dfr(G) | lukS | II-III | 5 | ST71 | III |
| KM1087 | Vaginitis | ≤16 | ≤2/1 | ≤2 | ≤4 | ≤0.25 | ≤0.5 | ≤0.25 | ≤2 | ≤1,000 | ≤0.5 | ≤16 | ≤0.25 | ≤0.12 | ≤4 | ≤0.5/9.5 | ≤0.5 | 32 | ≤1 | blaZ, tet(M) | lukS | ST75 | I | ||
| KM1250 | Infected wound | ≤16 | ≤2/1 | ≤2 | 8 | ≤0.25 | ≤0.5 | ≤0.25 | ≤2 | ≤1,000 | 1 | ≤16 | ≤0.25 | ≤0.12 | ≤4 | ≤0.5/9.5 | ≤0.5 | ≤1 | ≤1 | lukS | ST41 | II | |||
| KM1381 | Fistula after surgery | ≤16 | ≤2/1 | ≤2 | 64 | 16 | >8 | >16 | 16 | ≤1,000 | ≤0.5 | ≤16 | >16 | ≤0.12 | >32 | 4/76 | ≤0.5 | >32 | ≤1 | aph(3′)-III, aph(2′)-Ia, catpC221, erm(B), mecA, sat4, tet(K), dfr(G) | lukS | II-III | 5 | ST71 | III |
| KM1395 | Otitis externa | ≤16 | ≤2/1 | ≤2 | 8 | >16 | >8 | >16 | 32 | ≤1,000 | 1 | ≤16 | >16 | ≤0.12 | >32 | 8/152 | 1 | >32 | ≤1 | aac(6′)-Ie, ant(6′)-Ia, aph(3′)-III, blaZ, erm(B), mecA, sat4, tet(K), dfr(G) | lukS | II-III | 4 | ST71 | III |
| KM1542 | Seroma | ≤16 | 4/2 | ≤2 | 64 | >16 | >8 | >16 | 500 | ≤1,000 | 1 | ≤16 | 2 | 0.5 | >32 | 8/152 | 1 | >32 | ≤1 | aac(6′)-Ie, ant(6′)-Ia, aph(3′)-III, blaZ, catpC221, erm(B), mecA, sat4, tet(K), dfr(G) | lukS | II-III | 5 | ST71 | III |
| KM1591 | Pyoderma | ≤16 | ≤2/1 | ≤2 | ≤4 | 8 | >8 | >16 | ≤2 | ≤1,000 | ≤0.5 | ≤16 | ≤0.25 | ≤0.12 | >32 | ≤0.5/9.5 | ≤0.5 | 32 | ≤1 | ant(6′)-Ia, aph(3′)-III, erm(B), sat4, tet(M) | lukS | 2 | ST51 | I | |
| KM1832 | Osteitis after surgery | ≤16 | ≤2/1 | ≤2 | 32 | 16 | >8 | >16 | 16 | ≤1,000 | ≤0.5 | ≤16 | >16 | 0.25 | >32 | 4/76 | ≤0.5 | >32 | ≤1 | aac(6′)-Ie, ant(6′)-Ia, aph(3′)-III, blaZ, catpC221, erm(B), mecA, sat4, tet(K), dfr(G) | lukS | II-III | 5 | ST71 | III |
| KM1896 | Gingivitis | ≤16 | ≤2/1 | ≤2 | 32 | 16 | >8 | >16 | 16 | ≤1,000 | ≤0.5 | ≤16 | >16 | ≤0.12 | >32 | 4/76 | 1 | >32 | ≤1 | ant(6′)-Ia, aph(3′)-III, catpC221, erm(B), mecA, sat4, tet(K), dfr(G) | lukS | II-III | 5 | ST71 | III |
| SD91 | Ear | ≤16 | ≤2/1 | ≤2 | 64 | 16 | >8 | >16 | 500 | ≤1,000 | ≤0.5 | ≤16 | 4 | >8 | >32 | 4/76 | ≤0.5 | >32 | ≤1 | ant(6′)-Ia, aph(3′)-III, blaZ, catpC221, erm(B), mecA, sat4, tet(K), dfr(G) | lukS | II-III | 5 | ST71 | III |
| SD1071 | Nasal cavities | ≤16 | ≤2/1 | ≤2 | ≤4 | 8 | 2d | >16 | ≤2 | ≤1,000 | 1 | ≤16 | ≤0.25 | ≤0.12 | >32 | ≤0.5/9.5 | ≤0.5 | 32 | ≤1 | ant(6′)-Ia, aph(3′)-III, blaZ, erm(B), sat4, tet(M) | lukS | 3 | ST76 | IV | |
AMK, amikacin; AMX, amoxicillin; CEF, cephalotin; CHL, chloramphenicol; CLI, clindamycin; ENRO, enrofloxacin; ERY, erythromycin; GEN, gentamicin; KAN, kanamycin; LZD, linezolid; NIT, nitrofurantoin; OXA, oxacillin; PEN, penicillin; STR, streptomycin; SXT, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole; Q/D, quinupristin-dalfopristin; TET, tetracycline; VAN, vancomycin.
The MIC breakpoints (in micrograms per milliliter) determining resistance were those recommended for S. aureus in CLSI supplement M100-S16 (6) except for enrofloxacin and streptomycin, for which breakpoints of CLSI from supplement M31-S1 for bacteria from animals (3) and from the French Society for Microbiology (www.sfm.asso.fr) were used. MICs above resistance breakpoints are boldfaced.
Antibiotic resistance genes and their functions are as follows: erm(B), macrolides, lincosamides, and streptogramin B methylase; blaZ, β-lactamase; catpC221, chloramphenicol acetyltransferase; dfr(G), dihydrofolate reductase (trimethoprim resistance); tet(K), tetracycline efflux; aac(6′)-Ie and aph(3′)-III, aminoglycoside acetyltransferase and phosphotransferase; ant(6′)-Ia, streptomycin adenylyltransferase; sat4, streptothricin acetyltransferase; mecA, penicillin-binding protein PBP2′.
Inducible clindamycin resistance as determined according to CLSI guidelines (5).