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. 2003 Dec 9;89(12):2312–2319. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6601474

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Copyright © 2003 Cancer Research UK

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CpG-oligonucleotides activate DCs and preferentially elicit IL-12 production, which leads to the polarisation of a Th1, tissue-destructive and cancer-clearing immune phenotype. This is in contrast to BCG, which induces a poorly focused T-cell response containing both Th1 and Th2 immune function.