Table 4. Risk of breast cancer associated with ethnic subgroup, before and after adjustment for various environmental factors.

Ethnic subgroup	Gujarati Hindu	Punjabi Hindu		Punjabi Sikh		Pakistani/Indian Muslim
Controlled for age and GP (through matching) and:	ORa	ORa	95% CIb	ORa	95% CIb	ORa	95% CIb	P-valuec
—d	1	0.59	0.30, 1.18	1.23	0.72, 2.11	1.76	1.10, 2.81	0.012
Anthropometric factors
Adult height (cm)	1	0.59	0.30, 1.17	1.22	0.71, 2.10	1.74	1.08, 2.80	0.014
Leg length	1	0.60	0.30, 1.20	1.25	0.73, 2.14	1.78	1.11, 2.87	0.012
Waist : hip ratio	1	0.60	0.30, 1.18	1.23	0.72, 2.10	1.73	1.07, 2.79	0.017
Waist circumference (cm)	1	0.55	0.28, 1.11	1.14	0.66, 1.97	1.60	0.99, 2.59	0.024
BMIe (kg/m2)	1	0.57	0.28, 1.14	1.21	0.70, 2.08	1.77	1.10, 2.86	0.009
Physical exercise
METf score at age 12 (log)	1	0.60	0.30, 1.19	1.24	0.72, 2.12	1.73	1.08, 2.78	0.014
METf score at age 30 (log)	1	0.57	0.28, 1.17	1.24	0.72, 2.13	1.71	1.06, 2.78	0.017
Dietary factors
Total energy intake	1	0.59	0.30, 1.18	1.24	0.72, 2.12	1.79	1.11, 2.87	0.011
Energy adj fat (residuals)	1	0.51	0.25, 1.05	1.11	0.64, 1.94	1.64	1.01, 2.65	0.011
Energy adj NSPg (residuals)	1	0.70	0.35, 1.39	1.35	0.79, 2.32	1.51	0.93, 2.45	0.092
All factors in Table 3	1	0.67	0.32, 1.42	1.47	0.82, 2.61	2.12	1.25, 3.58	0.007
Table 3 factors, NSPg	1	0.78	0.37, 1.64	1.57	0.88, 2.82	1.82	1.06, 3.12	0.048
Table 3 factors, NSPg, fat	1	0.66	0.30, 1.44	1.39	0.76, 2.54	1.63	0.94, 2.85	0.079
Table 3 factors, NSPg, fat, waist circumference	1	0.62	0.28, 1.36	1.32	0.72, 2.42	1.49	0.85, 2.63	0.118

^aOR=odds ratio, estimated from a conditional logistic regression model.

^bCI=confidence interval.

^cP-value for heterogeneity in odds of breast cancer by ethnic subgroup.

^dThese ORs are slightly different from those in Table 3 because the analysis in Table 4 is restricted to 97% of women who had complete dietary and anthropometric data.

^eBMI=body mass index.

^fMET=metabolic equivalent score per week.

^gNSP=nonstarch polysaccharides.