Table 4.

Never-smokers only - Incident combined coronary heart disease or stroke event rates and hazard ratios among men and women according to asthma history

	Males			Females
	No History of Asthma	Childhood Onset Asthma	Adult-Onset Asthma	No History of Asthma	Childhood Onset Asthma	Adult-Onset Asthma
Crude Rate*	8.31	5.49	10.69	4.75	5.40	10.59
(Cases / Person-Years)	(181 / 21757)	(5 / 910)	(5 / 468)	(251 / 52868)	(7 / 1296)	(18 / 1699)
Crude Hazard	1.0 (Ref)	0.65	1.31	1.0 (Ref)	1.14	2.24
Ratio (95% Confidence Interval)		(0.27, 1.58)	(0.54, 3.18)		(0.51, 2.43)	(1.39, 3.62)
Multivariate	1.0 (Ref)	0.74	1.04	1.0 (Ref)	1.10	2.05
Adjusted†		(0.30, 1.80)	(0.43, 2.53)		(0.52, 2.33)	(1.28, 3.31)
Hazard Ratio (95% Confidence Interval)

^*Per 1000 person years

^†Adjusted for age, body mass index, black race, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, education level, low and high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and physical activity