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Modelization of C-peptide effects on renal tubule. The EVARQ fragment of C-peptide binds to a membrane G-protein couple receptor of a tubule cell. Intracellular calcium increase results in activation of PKCa and affects Na,K-ATPase activity. Together with this effect, an increase of intracellular kinases results in either activation or inhibition of inflammatory mediators. Green indicates stimulation, red inhibition. Arrows in dash lines are suggested pathways.
