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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2008 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Appl Prev Psychol. 2007 Dec;12(3):99–114. doi: 10.1016/j.appsy.2007.09.004

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Neural basis of response inhibition in the go/nogo and stop-signal tasks (adapted from Band & van Boxtel, 1999). Manual responses are under the influence of two neural loops. The primary loop (black lines) involves connections between cortical structures (including the DLPFC and VLPFC), the basal ganglia, and the thalamus. This loop is directly implicated in response selection and response inhibition. The secondary loop (gray lines) involves connections between more restricted cortical regions, the cerebellum, and the thalamus, and is thought to fine-tune activity in the first loop. Output from these loops is integrated at the level of primary motor cortex, which projects to the spinal cord (heavy black line). Several connections and cortical regions have been omitted for simplicity. DLPFC: dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; SMA: supplementary motor area; VLPFC: ventrolateral prefrontal cortex.