Table 1.
Factors associated with children's participation at follow-up
| Participants (N = 526)b |
Non-participants (N = 73)b |
Adjusted for group OR (95% CI) |
Multivariable modelc OR (95% CI) |
|
| Attended clinic at time 1 | 485 (92.2) | 61 (83.6) | 2.3 (1.2–4.7) * | --c |
| Mother participated at follow-up | 477 (92.3) | 16 (22.5) | 41.6 (21.7–79.7) *** | 46.9 (23.9–92.1) *** |
| Background characteristicsa | ||||
| Evacuee status | 265 (50.4) | 34 (46.6) | -- | --c |
| Female child | 273 (51.9) | 37 (50.7) | 1.1 (0.6–1.7) | --c |
| Child in utero at time of accident | 158 (30.0) | 25 (34.2) | 0.8 (0.5–1.4) | --c |
| Standard of living, mean ± SDc | 3.8 ± 1.6 | 3.6 ± 1.7 | 1.1 (0.9–1.4) | --c |
| University graduate (either parent) | 163 (31.0) | 23 (31.5) | 1.0 (0.6–1.8) | --c |
| Child well-beinga | ||||
| No medical checkup in past year | 343 (65.2) | 44 (60.3) | 1.4 (0.8–2.5) | --c |
| ≥ 2 colds in past year | 375 (71.6) | 56 (76.7) | 0.7 (0.4–1.33) | --c |
| P-CSI (mother report), mean ± SDd | 18.6 ± 14.4 | 17.6 ± 13.7 | 1.1 (0.8–1.4) | --c |
| Childhood behavioral problems | 106 (20.2) | 14 (19.2) | 1.1 (0.6–2.0) | --c |
| CSI (child self-report), mean ± SDd | 16.5 ± 16.0 | 16.3 ± 18.7 | 1.0 (0.8–1.3) | --c |
| Days absent from school | ||||
| None | 170 (34.1) | 24 (35.3) | 1.0 | --c |
| 1–10 days | 227 (45.6) | 32 (47.1) | 1.0 (0.6–1.8) | --c |
| > 10 days | 101 (20.3) | 12 (17.6) | 1.2 (0.6–2.5) | --c |
| linear trend | χ2(1) = 0.2 | |||
| Mother's Chornobyl risk perceptiona | ||||
| Child's health perceived as very affected by Chornobyl | 231 (43.9) | 32 (43.8) | 1.0 (0.6–1.6) | --c |
| Distrust of authorities, mean ± SDd | 3.1 ± 0.6 | 3.2 ± 0.6 | 0.8 (0.7–1.1) | --c |
a All variables are based on maternal reports except the child-rated CSI and the school record information on absences. No interactions between these variables and evacuee status were found to be statistically significant.
b Values are numbers (percentage, calculated from total column) except when noted.
c The final multivariable model was obtained following a stepwise backwards likelihood-ratio elimination procedure.
d Continuous variables were standardized in logistic regression models so that the ORs may be interpreted as the odds of participation for a one standard deviation increase in the predictor.
* p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001