Fig. 3.
Luteolin inhibits LPS-induced AP-1 activation. BV-2 cells were pretreated with luteolin for 1 h and stimulated with LPS for a 1 h incubation period. (A and B) Nuclei were extracted for NF-κB (A) and AP-1 (B) EMSA. PDTC was used as a NF-κB inhibitor. (C and D) Transcription factor binding activity for NF-κB (C) and AP-1 (D) was determined by densitometric scanning. Bars represent the mean ± SEM from three independent experiments. Means with different letters are different (P < 0.05).