Fig. 5.

Attractiveness of odor bouquets assayed in behavioral experiments with patrolling males of C. cunicularius in the field. The tests show that orchid samples are more attractive than female bee samples; allopatric bee samples are also more attractive than sympatric bee samples. The bars show the mean (± SE) number of inspecting flights (empty bars) and contacts (filled bars) of the male bees with a dummy during 3-min behavioral bioassays. The dummies were scented with odor extracts of orchid flowers (mimic) and attractive female bees (model). We used orchid and bee samples of local (sympatric) and foreign (allopatric) populations. Mann–Whitney U test (α = 0.05), different letters on top of error bars indicate significant differences in attractiveness; the numbers of replicates are listed under the columns.