Table 5.
Multivariate analysis of demographic and individual trauma exposure variables associated with PTSD and depression
| Variable | PTSD (N = 657) | Depression (N = 815) | ||
| OR [95% CI] | P value | OR [95% CI] | P value | |
| Demographic Variables | ||||
| Female | 2.06 [1.49–2.84] | <0.01 | 4.32 [2.80–6.66] | <0.01 |
| no longer married* | 1.80 [1.25–2.59] | <0.01 | 2.41 [1.36–4.27] | <0.01 |
| displaced > 5 miles from home | NA | NA | 1.47 [1.16–1.85] | <0.01 |
| Trauma exposure variable | ||||
| ill health without medical care | 1.95 [1.52–2.51] | <0.01 | 1.97 [1.50–2.58] | <0.01 |
| rape or sexual abuse | 1.67 [1.01–2.75] | 0.045 | NA | NA |
| lack of food or water | 1.55 [1.00–2.39] | 0.048 | 1.64 [1.05–2.58] | 0.03 |
| unnatural death of family/friend | NA | NA | 1.54 [1.10–2.16] | 0.01 |
| being tortured or beaten | 1.42 [1.09–1.84] | 0.01 | 1.41 [1.04–1.92] | 0.03 |
| being made to accept ideas/brainwashing | 1.39 [1.03–1.88] | 0.03 | NA | NA |
| witnessing murder of stranger or strangers | 1.38 [1.02–1.86] | 0.04 | NA | NA |
| serious injury | NA | NA | 1.38 [1.09–1.74] | <0.01 |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; OR, odds ratio (adjusted); NA, not applicable or was not statistically significant (P > 0.05).
Multivariate analysis for demographic variables in table, and all individual trauma exposure variables shown in Table 3. Only statistically significant demographic variables (P < 0.05) following univariate analysis included in multivariate analysis.
Only statistically significant (P < 0.05) adjusted odds ratios from multivariate analysis presented.
* No longer married includes divorced/separated, widowed, forcibly separated.
Symptoms of PTSD (HTQ PTSD Score = ≥2.0) and depression (HSCL score = ≥1.75)