Table 2.

Mean and median serum and urinary phytoestrogen levels in the European Prospective into Cancer-Norfolk breast cancer case – control study

	Median	% detected	Median	% detected	P valuea
Full study	Controls (n = 952)		Cases (n = 237)
Serum (ng/ml)
Genistein	5.00	91	4.77	93	0.608
Daidzein	2.00	86	1.98	91	0.206
Equol	0.01	29	0.01	33	0.005
o-Desmethylangolensin	0.10	52	0.10	59	0.284
Glycitein	0.01	29	0.01	40	<0.0001
Enterodiol	0.10	58	0.20	68	0.023
Enterolactone	5.83	98	5.00	98	0.088
Urine (μg/mmol creatinine)	Controls (n = 851)		Cases (n = 213)
Genistein	5.71	84	6.47	86	0.071
Daidzein	14.82	92	14.63	94	0.134
Equol	0.011	47	0.011	52	0.403
o-Desmethylangolensin	0.92	73	0.58	75	0.486
Glycitein	0.62	69	1.29	79	<0.0001
Enterodiol	6.45	86	7.25	91	0.188
Enterolactone	112.70	97	102.07	97	0.366
Oestrogen receptor-positive subgroup	Controls (n = 381)		Cases (n = 112)
Serum (ng/ml)
Genistein	4.80	89	4.55	89	0.446
Daidzein	1.83	84	1.89	87	0.846
Equol	0.01	37	0.01	41	0.637
o-Desmethylangolensin	0.10	51	0.10	56	0.569
Glycitein	0.01	25	0.01	29	0.372
Enterodiol	0.10	59	0.17	61	0.645
Enterolactone	6.60	98	6.25	98	0.739
Urine (μg/mmol creatinine)	Controls (n = 344)		Cases (n = 102)
Genistein	5.67	84	4.74	80	0.675
Daidzein	15.30	93	13.09	92	0.948
Equol	0.04	51	0.46	61	0.073
o-Desmethylangolensin	1.29	70	1.02	72	0.899
Glycitein	0.51	65	0.56	70	0.195
Enterodiol	6.62	85	8.82	91	0.075
Enterolactone	123.99	97	136.55	99	0.044

^aP value from the Wilcoxon – Mann – Whitney test.