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. 1999 Nov 9;96(23):13530–13535. doi: 10.1073/pnas.96.23.13530

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Electrical circuit of the nuclear hourglass technique. Two silver wires and a pulse generator are used to drive an alternating current of 1 mA through the capillary. Two conventional KCl-filled microelectrodes are connected to a differential amplifier to measure the voltage drop across the central part of the capillary. The resistance is calculated online from the applied current and measured voltage.