Table 4.
Description of the Studies in Adults Excluded from the Meta-Analyses
| Author | Year | Country | Study design and Population | Sample size (n) | Age (yr) | Definition of sleep and obesity | Outcome measures presented | Summary of findings | Reason for exclusion |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Heslop w38 | 2002 | UK | Cross-sectional Employed men | 6,022 | <65 | Self reported TST in 24 h and BMI | Mean BMI for sleep duration categories | Shortest sleepers had higher BMI. [25.4 (25.2-25.6) for <7 h to 25.1(24.7-25.4) for >8 h; P for trend = 0.02]. | No OR for short sleep vs obesity or β |
| Burazeri w39 | 2003 | Israel | Cross-sectional analysis in cohort | 1,842 | 50+ | Night sleep duration >8 h and TST >8 h and obesity | Cross sectional analysis for both long night sleep duration and long total sleep duration and obesity | No significant association between long sleep and obesity - no analysis with short sleep | No report of relation between short sleep and obesity–only looked at 8 h+ vs <8 h |
| Taheri w40 | 2004 | USA | Cross-sectional Employees with oversampling of habitual snorers. | 1,024 | 30–60 | Average nightly sleep from 6-d diary and BMI | βadj for average nightly sleep and BMI. | Mean BMI with se for sleep duration groups | No OR for short sleep vs obesity or β |
| Tamakoshi w41 | 2004 | Japan | Japan Collaborative Cohort Study | 43,852 men 60,158 women | 40–9 | Average sleep duration on weekdays and BMI | BMI (SD) for each of 7 sleep duration categories from <4 h to 10 h+ | No test for trend | No odds ratio for short sleep vs obesity or regression coefficient. Only mean BMI in sleep duration categories |
| Ohayonw42 | 2005 | France | Telephone survey followed by interviews | 1,026 | 60+ | Self-reported sleep duration and height and weight | OR for risk of short sleep (≤4 h30) among obese people (BMI>27) compared to people with normal BMI | Obese people were more likely to have the shortest sleep. OR for risk of short sleep (≤4 h 30) among obese people compared to people with normal BMI. OR = 3.6 (1.0 to 13.1) | OR not comparable because analysis does not include full range of BMI as outcome. |
| Vorona w43 | 2005 | USA | Primary care population | 924 | 18–91 | Self-reported TST in 24 h for weekday and w/end weighted for number of days. Self-reported weight and height | BMI in 4 groups. ANOVA | Obese participants slept less than individuals who were overweight (P = 0.04) or had normal BMI (P = 0.004). | No OR for short sleep vs obesity or β |
| Patel w44 | 2006 | USA | Nurses Health Study | 68,183 | 30–55 | BMI and self-reported h sleep in 24 h | BMI and SE for sleep duration categories | Short sleepers had higher BMI; P for trend <0.000) | No OR for short sleep vs obesity or β. |
| Meisinger w45 | 2007 | Germany | MONICA cohort | 3,508 men 3,388 women | 45–74 | BMI h nighttime sleep | BMI (SD) by 5 sleep duration categories | BMI higher for <5 h sleep and 6 h. | No OR for short sleep vs obesity or β |
*BMI≥ 25 and/or waist ≥80 cm in women or ≥90 cm in men
Note: All references beginning with a W are available in the website version of this paper on the SLEEP website at www.journalsleep.org