Figure 3. Results for microarray data.

(A) Gene expression profile plot of actual data and fitted data by AR model to the NF-κB, NEMO, IKKα, Iand κB genes. A network is composed based on calculated time domain causality for gene module NF-κB, which contains NF-κB, NEMO, IKKα, and IκB genes. (B) is constructed based on pairwise Granger causality method, and (C) is constructed based on PGC method. According to the confidence interval, two connections become insignificant after partial influence is taken into account. (D) Power spectrum density (PSD) for IKKα, NEMO, IκB, and NF-κB genes. There is only one frequency at 16 hours in IKKα, but there are two prominent frequencies for NEMO, IκB, and NF-κB at 16 hours and 4 hours. (E) Frequency domain causality for IKKα, NEMO, IκB, and NF-κB genes.