Abstract
A strain of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis was found to be larvicidal to horn flies, Haematobia irritans (L. [Diptera:Muscidae]). The toxic activity was particulate, appeared during sporulation, and could be prevented by the addition of streptomycin before sporulation. Density gradient centrifugation in Renografin was used to separate endospores, crystals, and low-density particulate matter (fraction 3) from sporulated preparations. Larvicidal activity was restricted to purified crystals and fraction 3, indicating that delta-endotoxin of B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis was active against horn fly larvae. Purified crystals produced mortality during larval feeding stages, but not pupal stages. Fraction 3 produced significant mortality during both larval and pupal stages. The mortality data indicated the presence of at least two dipteran-active toxins.
Full text
PDF
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Barker R. J., Anderson W. F. Evaluation of beta-exotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner for control of flies in chicken manure. J Med Entomol. 1975 Apr 30;12(1):103–110. doi: 10.1093/jmedent/12.1.103. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- DAVIS B. D., MINGIOLI E. S. Mutants of Escherichia coli requiring methionine or vitamin B12. J Bacteriol. 1950 Jul;60(1):17–28. doi: 10.1128/jb.60.1.17-28.1950. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ignoffo C. M., Couch T. L., Garcia C., Kroha M. J. Relative activity of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki and B. thuringiensis var. israelensis against larvae of Aedes aegypti, Culex quinquefasciatus, trichoplusia ni, Heliothis zea, and Heliothis virescens. J Econ Entomol. 1981 Apr;74(2):218–222. doi: 10.1093/jee/74.2.218. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ignoffo C. M. Effects of entomopathogens on vertebrates. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1973 Jun 22;217:141–172. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1973.tb32756.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- LENNOX E. S. Transduction of linked genetic characters of the host by bacteriophage P1. Virology. 1955 Jul;1(2):190–206. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(55)90016-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lahkim-Tsror L., Pascar-Gluzman C., Margalit J., Barak Z. Larvicidal activity of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis, serovar H14 in Aedes aegypti: histopathological studies. J Invertebr Pathol. 1983 Jan;41(1):104–116. doi: 10.1016/0022-2011(83)90241-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Larget I., de Barjac H. Spécificité et principe actif de Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis. Bull Soc Pathol Exot Filiales. 1981 Mar-Apr;74(2):216–227. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Schnell D. J., Nickerson K. W. Toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis crystals to Aedes aegypti larvae: carbonate reversal. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1983 May;45(5):1691–1693. doi: 10.1128/aem.45.5.1691-1693.1983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sharpe E. S., Nickerson K. W., Bulla L. A., Jr, Aronson J. N. Separation of spores and parasporal crystals of Bacillus thuringiensis in gradients of certain x-ray contrasting agents. Appl Microbiol. 1975 Dec;30(6):1052–1053. doi: 10.1128/am.30.6.1052-1053.1975. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Thomas W. E., Ellar D. J. Bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis crystal delta-endotoxin: effects on insect and mammalian cells in vitro and in vivo. J Cell Sci. 1983 Mar;60:181–197. doi: 10.1242/jcs.60.1.181. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Thomas W. E., Ellar D. J. Mechanism of action of Bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis insecticidal delta-endotoxin. FEBS Lett. 1983 Apr 18;154(2):362–368. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(83)80183-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Tyrell D. J., Davidson L. I., Bulla L. A., Jr, Ramoska W. A. Toxicity of parasporal crystals of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis to mosquitoes. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1979 Oct;38(4):656–658. doi: 10.1128/aem.38.4.656-658.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]