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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Food Chem Toxicol. 2007 Nov 4;46(3):1014–1024. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2007.10.034

Table I.

Modulation of DBP tumorigenesis by dietary Chl in rainbow trouta

Treatment group Initial fish no. Final fish no. Weight (g)b Tumor incidence (%) Liver tumor typesd (%) Tumor multiplicitye
Liver Stomach SBc HCC HCA MC CCA Liver Stomach SB
Control diet (OTD) 280 218 90 ± 27 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2000 ppm Chl 280 210 91 ± 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2000 ppm CHL 280 214 89 ± 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
224 ppm DBP 280 212 90 ± 26 51 56 10 64 31 5 0 2.60 1.62 1.17
224 ppm DBP + 1000 ppm Chl 280 211 95 ± 29 34** 58 16 60 27 11 2 1.79* 1.79 1.14
224 ppm DBP + 2000 ppm Chl 280 211 91 ± 25 21* 29* 4 67 26 7 0 1.87* 1.40* 1.00
224 ppm DBP + 4000 ppm Chl 280 211 97 ± 32 28* 23* 9 63 22 15 0 2.06* 1.30* 1.82
224 ppm DBP + 6000 ppm Chl 280 217 96 ± 25 26* 19* 7 50 40 9 1 2.06 1.33* 1.00
224 ppm DBP + 2000 ppm CHL 280 212 88 ± 26 21* 26* 8 55 33 12 0 2.01* 1.24* 1.04
224 ppm DBP, then 2000 ppm CHLf 280 208 91 ± 25 54 64 38* 62 30 7 1 2.35 1.82 1.20
a

Thirty-six week tumor responses. All treatments had duplicate tanks for which the data were combined. Thirty fish from each dose were removed on day 14 and day 28, for future biomarker examinations. Groups significantly different from the DBP-alone group are indicated with an asterisk (*P < 0.0005; **P < 0.005). Due to space constraints, variances are not shown. An equal number of immature male and female trout were included in the study, and there were no gender differences in tumor outcome.

b

Mean weight of duplicate tanks ± variance

c

SB, swim bladder.

d

Relative percentage of each tumor type compared with the total tumors observed. HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; HCA, hepatocellular adenoma; MC, mixed hepatocellular/cholangiocellular carcinoma; CCA, cholangiocellular adenoma.

e

Mean tumors per tumor-bearing fish (SD values omitted to conserve space). Groups significantly different from the DBP-alone group are indicated with an asterisk (*P < 0.05). The data for liver represent apparent multiplicity (see Methods).

f

Post-initiation 2000 ppm dietary CHL, begun after the DBP exposure period and continued for the duration of the study.