Table 2.

Frequencies of kdr alleles (and 95% confidence intervals, CIs) in S-form samples of Anopheles gambiae s.s.

State	Site	N	1014L [95% CI]	L1014F [95% CI]	L1014S [95% CI]
SENEGAL	Kedougou, 2001	39	85.9 [76.5–91.9]	14.1 [8.1–23.5]	0.0 [0.0–4.7]
	Kedougou, 2005	43	81.4 [71.9–88.2]	18.6 [11.8–28.1]	0.0 [0.0–4.2]
BURKINA FASO	Bobo Dioulasso	24	2.1 [0.4–10.9]	97.9 [89.1–99.6]	0.0 [0.0–7.4]
GHANA	Accra area	25	22.0 [12.8–35.2]	78.0 [64.8–87.3]	0.0 [0.0–7.1]
IVORY COAST	Toliak	23	0.0 [0.0–7.7]	100.0 [92.3–100.0]	0.0 [0.0–7.7]
BENIN	Dassa area	48	40.6 [31.4–50.6]	59.4 [49.4–68.7]	0.0 [0.0–3.9]
NIGERIA	Kobape, Olugbo	49	83.7 [75.1–89.7]	16.3 [10.3–24.9]	0.0 [0.0–3.8]
CAMEROON	Mangoum	75	0.7 [0.1–3.7]	84.0 [77.3–89.0]	15.3 [10.4–22.0]
	Kribi	6	25.0 [8.9–53.2]	66.7 [39.1–86.2]	8.3 [1.5–35.4]
	Dabadi	64	38.3 [30.3–46.9]	47.7 [39.2–56.3]	14.1 [9.1–21.1]
GABON	Benguia	57	86.8 [79.4.-91.9]	6.1 [3.0–12.1]	7.0 [3.6–13.2]
ANGOLA	Cabinda	114	51.3 [44.9–57.7]	18.0 [13.5–23.5]	30.7 [25.1–37.0]
	Kikudo	46	100.0 [96.0–100.0]	0.0 [0.0–4.0]	0.0 [0.0–4.0]
	Saurimo	15	100.0 [88.7–100.0]	0.0 [0.0–11.4]	0.0 [0.0–11.4]

1014L = insecticide-sensitivity allele: wild type; L1014F = insecticide-resistance allele: leucine-phenylalanine substitution at position 1014 of the voltage-gated channel gene; L1014S = insecticide-resistance allele: leucine-serine substitution. See text for details