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. 1991 May;65(5):2612–2621. doi: 10.1128/jvi.65.5.2612-2621.1991

Transdominant human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I TAX1 mutant that fails to localize to the nucleus.

S D Gitlin 1, P F Lindholm 1, S J Marriott 1, J N Brady 1
PMCID: PMC240619  PMID: 2016773

Abstract

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) encodes a 40-kDa nuclear transactivating phosphoprotein, TAX1. The results presented in this study demonstrate that deletion of amino acids 2 through 59 of TAX1 (delta 58 TAX1) decreased transactivation of the HTLV-I long terminal repeat 10- to 20-fold. S1 nuclease analysis revealed that the decrease in transactivation of the HTLV-I long terminal repeat was associated with a lack of RNA synthesis. In contrast to the nuclear localization of the wild-type TAX1 protein, indirect immunofluorescence analysis demonstrated that delta 58 TAX1 failed to localize to the nucleus, indicating that the TAX1 nuclear localization sequence is present in amino acids 2 through 59. Cotransfection of wild-type and mutant TAX1 DNAs resulted in the cytoplasmic accumulation of TAX1 and a 25-fold decrease in transactivation. Although several possibilities which may account for this transdominant effect exist, we favor a model in which delta 58 TAX1 interferes with the nuclear localization of wild-type TAX1 protein, perhaps by forming heterodimer complexes.

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Selected References

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