Table 2.
Response of Plasmodium berghei (ANKA) infection to treatment with chloroquine (30mg/kg) or Vernonia amgdalina extracts or chloroquine combined with selected doses of Vernonia amygdalina extracts in mice.
| Plasmodium berghei infection | ||||||
| P. bergheiS. | P.bergheiR. | |||||
| Curative experiment^ | PCT±SEM (days) | RT±SEM (days) | Cure rate (%)- | PCT±SEM | RT±SEM (days) | Cure rate (%)- |
| Group 1 | ||||||
| Infected Control | - | - | 0 | - | - | 0 |
| Group 2 | ||||||
| CQ (10mg/kg) | 4.8 ± 0.2(12)a | 7.2 ± 0.4(5)a | 58.3 | - | - | 0 |
| Group 3 | ||||||
| V31.75 | - | - | 0 | - | - | 0 |
| V62.5 | - | - | - | - | - | 0 |
| V125 | - | - | 0 | - | - | 0 |
| Group 4 | ||||||
| CQ10+V31.75 | 4.4 ± 0.3(12)a | 8.9 ± 0.2(4)b | 66.7 | 10.2 ± 0.2(4)a* | 3.2 ± 0.1(4)a** | 25 |
| CQ10+V62.5 | 3.8 + 0.4(12)b | 9.5 ± 0.3(4)c | 83.3 | 3.9 + 0.4(6)b | 8.5 ± 0.5(6)a** | 50 |
| CQ10+V125 | 2.6 ± 0.2(12)c | 18.9 ± 1.4(2)d | 100 | 2.8 ± 0.1(8)c | 19.5 ± 2.6(2)c** | 100 |
| Group 5 | ||||||
| CQ10+CP0.25 | 2.8 + 0.1(12)c | - | 100 | 2.8 ± 0.1(8)c | 19.8 + 0.1(2)c | 100 |
Data are expressed as mean ± SEM (n ≥ 2) and analyzed by ANOVA.
12 animals were allotted to each group or subgroup. -Percentage of animals with zero parasitaemia by day 14 post treatment. PCT = Parasite clearance time; RT = Recrudescence time. Figures in parentheses were number of animals in which parasite clearance and recrudescence were observed. Superscripts with different letters in each column connote significance (P < 0.05) between data.
P < 0.05,
P < 0.05 (P bergheiS vs. P. bergheiR for PCT and RT respectively.
CQ10 = Chloroquine at 10mg/kg dose given daily for three days; Vernonia amygdalina leaf extract given at doses of 31.75, 62.5 and 125 mg/kg given daily for three days are indicated as V31.75, V62.5 and V125 respectively. CP0.25 = Chlopheniramine at 0.25 mg/kg dose given 12 hourly for seven days. P < 0.05 was considered significant.