Figure 3.

Hypoxia increases the secretion of CTGF from human trophoblasts. PHT cells from term normal placentas were cultured in standard culture conditions (Std) (FiO₂ = 20%) or in hypoxia (Hpx) (FiO₂ ≤ 1%, n = 4). A and B, Cellular CTGF protein expression in cells cultured in serum-containing (A) or serum free (B) medium determined using Western immunoblotting as described in Materials and Methods. C, CTGF protein levels in serum free culture medium. D, The effect of monensin on hypoxia-stimulated CTGF secretion from trophoblasts cultured for 48 h in standard conditions or hypoxia (FiO₂ ≤ 1%) in serum free medium in the presence or absence of monensin (*P < 0.05, ANOVA, n = 3, quantified as shown in the panel below the gel).