Table 4.

Odds Ratios for Prevalence of Activity Limitations, 75+ Population, 1995-2004

	Difficulty with ADLs and with only IADLs (vs neither)
	Base model		Plus early-life factors		Plus mid-life factors		Plus late-life factors

	ADL	IADL only	ADL	IADL only	ADL	IADL only	ADL	IADL only
Year	0.982 ^*	1.008	0.986 ^*	1.010	0.992	1.018	0.966 ^**	1.012
Demographic Factors
Age 80 to 84	1.542 ^**	1.535 ^**	1.531 ^**	1.540 ^**	1.514 ^**	1.518 ^**	1.465 ^**	1.422 ^**
Age 85+	3.102 ^**	2.679 ^**	3.111 ^**	2.700 ^**	2.995 ^**	2.579 ^**	2.892 ^**	2.278 ^**
Female	1.575 ^**	1.035	1.556 ^**	1.024	1.454 ^**	0.916	1.326 ^**	0.969
Proxy	4.951 ^**	5.195 ^**	4.666 ^**	4.911 ^**	4.355 ^**	4.472 ^**	4.178 ^**	3.895 ^**
Early-life Factors
Black, non-Hispanic			1.254 ^*	1.176	1.165	1.014	0.972	0.914
Other, non-Hispanic			1.030	1.086	0.988	1.027	0.864	0.930
Hispanic			1.109	1.089	0.901	0.819	0.772 ^**	0.731
Born in Midwest			1.099	1.089	1.074	1.049	1.102	1.201
Born in South			1.335 ^**	1.230 ^*	1.254 ^**	1.132	1.191	1.310 ^*
Born in West			1.106	1.053	1.132	1.086	1.216	1.144
Born in U.S. territory/outside U.S.			0.890	1.090	0.843	1.016	0.898	1.094
Mother's education fewer than 8 years			1.214 ^**	1.079	1.107 ^*	0.948	1.055	0.907
Mother's education missing			1.157	1.277 ^*	1.030	1.086	1.040	1.070
SES as a child poor/varied			1.185 ^**	1.151 ^*	1.148 ^**	1.105	1.027	1.025
Very good self-rated health as a child			1.104 ^*	1.158 ^*	1.078	1.125	0.982	1.034
Good self-rated health as a child			1.420 ^**	1.369 ^**	1.359 ^**	1.291 ^**	1.204 ^*	1.127
Fair/poor self-rated health as a child			1.799 ^**	1.610 ^**	1.707 ^**	1.502 ^**	1.340 ^*	1.176
Low peak stature			1.549 ^*	1.200	1.486	1.142	1.397	1.190
Mid-life Factors
8 or fewer years education					1.641 ^**	1.884 ^**	1.074	1.349 ^*
9-11 years education					1.201 ^*	1.216 ^*	0.827	0.891
High school diploma/GED					1.073	1.043	0.907	0.896
Blue-collar lifetime occupation					1.045	1.206	0.960	1.104
Pink-collar lifetime occupation					1.011	1.351 ^**	0.927	1.232 ^*
Never worked					1.153	1.277	1.003	1.134
Lifetime occupation not coded					1.360 ^**	1.620 ^**	1.187 ^*	1.454 ^**
Veteran					0.999	0.997	1.006	0.994
Late-life Factors
Divorced/separated/widowed							1.037	0.908
Never married							1.006	0.821
Lives in the Midwest							1.180 ^*	1.234 ^*
Lives in the Northeast							1.105	1.422 ^**
Lives in the West							1.108	1.311 ^**
$0-$9,999 couple income (in 2004 $)							1.394 ^**	1.701 ^**
$10,000-19,999							1.213 ^*	1.536 ^**
$20,000-29,999							1.126	1.332 ^*
$30,000-39,999							0.972	1.269 ^*
$40,000-49,999							0.907	1.133
<$0-1,000 total wealth (in 2004 $)							1.847 ^**	1.473 ^**
$2,000-49,999							1.330 ^**	1.254 ^*
$50,000-149,999							1.123	1.153
$150,000-299,999							1.115	1.059
Still smoking							1.235 ^*	1.086
Quit smoking							1.039	1.130 ^*
High blood pressure							1.145 ^**	1.042
Diabetes							1.328 ^**	1.219 ^*
Cancer							1.174 ^**	0.998
Lung disease							1.652 ^**	1.334 ^**
Heart disease							1.364 ^**	1.206 ^*
Stroke							2.828 ^**	1.856 ^**
Psychiatric disorder							2.126 ^**	2.181 ^**
Arthritis							2.379 ^**	1.162 ^*
Obese							1.562 ^**	0.952
Good vision							1.122 ^*	1.130
Fair/poor vision							2.351 ^**	2.215 ^**
Good hearing							1.079	1.145
Fair/poor hearing							1.435 ^**	1.766 ^**

p<.05

^**

p<.01

Note: Odds ratios are from weighted multninomial logistic regression models adjusted for complex survey design using STATA's svy procedure. Omitted categories are: White, non-hispanic; born in Northwest; mother's education 8 or more years; excellent self-rated health as a child; more than 12 years education; white collar lifetime occupation; married; lives in the South; $50,000+ couple income; $300,000+ total wealth; never smoked; excellent/very good vision; excellent/very good hearing.