Fig. 1.

The plant phenylpropanoid pathway. PAL, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase; 4CL, 4-hydroxy cinnamoyl CoA ligase; C4H, cinnamate 4-hydroxylase; HCT, hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA shikimate/quinate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase; C3′H, p-coumaroyl shikimate/quinate 3′-hydroxylase; CCoAOMT, caffeoyl CoA O-methyl transferase; CCR, (hydroxy) cinnamoyl CoA reductase; HCALDH, hydroxycinnamaldehyde dehydrogenase; F5H, ferulic acid/coniferaldehyde/coniferyl alcohol 5-hydroxylase; COMT, caffeic acid/5-hydroxyferulic acid O-methyltransferase; CAD, (hydroxy) cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase.