Table 1. RTOG bladder-preservation studies.

RTOG number	Adjuvant/neoadjuvant therapy	Radiation therapy	Radiosensitising chemotherapy	# of patients	5-year survival	Reference
85–12	None	Daily	Cisplatin	42	52%	(Tester et al, 1993)
88–02	Neoadjuvant MCV	Daily	Cisplatin	91	62%	(Tester et al, 1996)
89–03	+Neoadjuvant MCV	Daily	Cisplatin	123	49%	(Shipley et al, 1998)
95–06	None	Hypofractionated	Cisplatin+5FU	34	N/A	(Kaufman et al, 2000)
97–06	Adjuvant MCV	Twice daily	Cisplatin	52	N/A	(Hagan et al, 2003)
99–06	Adjuvant GC	Twice daily	Cisplatin+paclitaxel	84	N/A	—

MCV – methotrexate, cisplatin, vinblastine; 5FU – 5-fluorouracil; GC – gemcitabine, cisplatin; N/A – not available.