Table 1. Summary of targeted radiotherapy clinical trials in brain tumour patients.

Radiotherapeutic	Design	Patientsa	Toxicitiesb	Survival (weeks)	Reference
I-131 81C6 murine mAb	Phase I	34 (26 GBM) recurrent	Neuro Heme	60 (56 GBM)	Bigner et al (1998)
I-131 81C6 murine mAb	Phase I	42 (32 GBM) newly diagnosed	Neuro	79 (69 GBM)	Cokgor et al (2000)
I-131 81C6 murine mAb	Phase II	33 (27 GBM) newly diagnosed	Neuro Heme	87 (79 GBM)	Reardon et al (2002)
At-211 81C6 chimeric mAb	Phase I	17 (14 GBM) recurrent	None	60	Zalutsky et al (2002)
I-131 BC-2 or BC-4 mAb	Phase II	91 (74 GBM)	None	>184 AA	Riva et al (2000)
3–10 cycles		44 recurrent		76 GBM
		47 newly diagnosed
Y-90 BC-2 or BC-4 mAb	Phase II	43 (35 GBM)	None	360 AA	Riva et al (2000)
3–5 cycles				80 GBM
Y-90 or I-131 BC-4 mAb	Phase II	37 (24 GBM)	Neuro	68 GBM	Goetz et al (2003)
Mean, three cycles
BC-4 mAb, Y-90 biotin	Phase I	24 (16 GBM) recurrent	Neuro	76 AA	Paganelli et al (2001)
two cycles				50 GBM
BC-4 mAb, Y-90 biotin	Phase II	8 GBM	None	134	Grana et al (2002)
two cycles

^aGBM=glioblastoma multiforme; AA=anaplastic astrocytoma.

^bNeuro=neurological toxicity; Heme=haemtatological toxicity.