Table 3.

Berberine in combination-therapy

	Week 0	Week 5	Week 13
BMI	26.0 ± 0.6	26.1 ± 0.8	26.0 ± 0.8
Waist (cm)	89.0 ± 1.5	86.9 ± 1.8**	87.0 ± 1.7**
Waist/hip	0.89 ± 0.01	0.86 ± 0.01*	0.86 ± 0.01
HbA1c (%)	8.1 ± 0.2	7.3 ± 0.2***	7.3 ± 0.3***
FBG (mmol/L)	9.6 ± 0.4	7.6 ± 0.3***	7.6 ± 0.3***
PBG (mmol/L)	14.8 ± 0.7	10.8 ± 0.6***	9.7 ± 0.9***
Fasting insulin (μU/ml)	35.2 ± 3.3	25.0 ± 2.6**	25.3 ± 5.3**
Postprandial insulin (μU/ml)	104.1 ± 9.5	88.0± 11.4	76.5 ± 15.6
HOMA-IR	15.2 ± 1.6	8.1 ± 1.0***	8.4 ± 1.8***
HOMA-β cell	128.6 ± 12.2	164.2 ± 27.3	151.7 ± 28.6
Fasting C-peptide (ng/ml)	0.96 ± 0.28	0.85 ± 0.24	1.12 ± 0.12*ˆ
Postprandial C-peptide (ng/ml)	2.27 ± 0.72	2.28 ± 0.80	3.87 ± 0.14**ˆˆ
Triglyceride (mmol/L)	1.73 ± 0.17	1.39 ± 0.18*	1.49 ± 0.49
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)	4.97 ± 0.13	4.20 ± 0.13***	4.38 ± 0.40*
HDL-C (mmol/L)	1.37 ± 0.04	1.31 ± 0.05	1.32 ± 0.05
LDL-C (mmol/L)	3.00 ± 0.10	2.50 ± 0.10***	2.59 ± 0.27**
ALT (U/L)	31.5 ± 4.1	26.5 ± 2.6	25.2 ± 7.0
γ-GT (U/L)	41.8 ± 7.8	41.5 ± 8.4	41.4 ± 1.2
Creatinine (mmol/L)	88.5 ± 3.1	90.8 ± 3.7	90.8 ± 8.1

Data are means ± SEM of the patients with combination-therapy including berberine. Values of fasting insulin, postprandial insulin, HOMA-IR and HOMA-β cell were obtained from 33 patients treated only with oral hypoglycemic agents. Values of fasting c-peptide and postprandial c-peptide were obtained from the other 10 patients treated including insulin. The rest parameters were obtained from all the 43 patients with combination-therapy. Compared with Week 0:

^*P<0.05.

^**P<0.01.

^***P<0.001.

Compared with Week 5:

^ˆP<0.05,

^ˆˆP<0.01