Table 2. Odds ratio of depression according to quartiles of omega-3 fatty acids intake (% energy) by the lung cancer patients (n=771).
|
HADS-Da |
Odds ratio |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ⩽4 | ⩾5 | Crude | Adjusted for age and sex | Multivariateb | ||
| Median Intake (% energy) | n (%) | (95% CI)c | ||||
| Quartiles of α-linolenic acid intake (C18:3n-3) | ||||||
| q1 | 0.552 | 68 (35.4) | 124 (64.6) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| q2 | 0.776 | 80 (41.5) | 113 (58.5) | 0.78 (0.51–1.17) | 0.76 (0.50–1.15) | 0.68 (0.43–1.07) |
| q3 | 0.982 | 93 (48.2) | 100 (51.8) | 0.59 (0.39–0.89) | 0.56 (0.37–0.85) | 0.55 (0.34–0.87) |
| q4 | 1.223 | 94 (48.7) | 99 (51.3) | 0.58 (0.38–0.87) | 0.54 (0.35–0.82) | 0.50 (0.31–0.71) |
| P for trend | 0.004 | 0.002 | 0.004 | |||
| Quartiles of octadecatetraenoic acid intake (C18:4n-3) | ||||||
| q1 | 0.015 | 71 (40.0) | 121 (60.0) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| q2 | 0.024 | 83 (43.0) | 110 (57.0) | 0.78 (0.52–1.17) | 0.78 (0.52–1.18) | 0.72 (0.46–1.13) |
| q3 | 0.034 | 96 (49.7) | 97 (50.3) | 0.59 (0.40–0.89) | 0.58 (0.39–0.88) | 0.61 (0.40–0.95) |
| q4 | 0.062 | 85 (44.0) | 108 (56.0) | 0.75 (0.50–1.12) | 0.74 (0.49–1.13) | 0.83 (0.53–1.30) |
| P for trend | 0.250 | 0.250 | 0.721 | |||
| Quartiles of eicosatetraenoic acid intake (C20:4n-3) | ||||||
| q1 | 0.008 | 75 (39.1) | 117 (60.9) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| q2 | 0.001 | 81 (42.0) | 112 (58.0) | 0.89 (0.59–1.33) | 0.89 (0.59–1.34) | 0.88 (0.57–1.36) |
| q3 | 0.017 | 97 (50.3) | 96 (49.7) | 0.63 (0.42–0.95) | 0.64 (0.42–0.95) | 0.63 (0.41–0.97) |
| q4 | 0.027 | 82 (42.5) | 111 (57.5) | 0.87 (0.58–1.30) | 0.86 (0.57–1.30) | 0.97 (0.62–1.51) |
| P for trend | 0.434 | 0.409 | 0.864 | |||
| Quartiles of eicosapentaenoic acid intake (C20:5n-3) | ||||||
| q1 | 0.074 | 78 (40.6) | 114 (59.4) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| q2 | 0.115 | 77 (39.9) | 116 (60.1) | 1.03 (0.69–1.55) | 1.05 (0.70–1.58) | 0.99 (0.64–1.55) |
| q3 | 0.165 | 95 (49.2) | 98 (50.8) | 0.71 (0.47–1.06) | 0.69 (0.46–1.04) | 0.55 (0.42–1.01) |
| q4 | 0.265 | 85 (44.0) | 108 (56.0) | 0.87 (0.58–1.30) | 0.86 (0.57–1.30) | 0.99 (0.64–1.55) |
| P for trend | 0.332 | 0.312 | 0.849 | |||
| Quartiles of docosapentaenoic acid intake (C22:5n-3) | ||||||
| q1 | 0.020 | 75 (39.1) | 117 (60.9) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| q2 | 0.032 | 82 (42.5) | 111 (57.5) | 0.87 (0.58–1.30) | 0.88 (0.58–1.32) | 0.88 (0.57–1.36) |
| q3 | 0.454 | 91 (47.2) | 102 (52.8) | 0.72 (0.48–1.01) | 0.72 (0.48–1.08) | 0.70 (0.45–1.08) |
| q4 | 0.704 | 87 (45.1) | 106 (54.9) | 0.78 (0.52–1.17) | 0.77 (0.51–1.17) | 0.88 (0.57–1.36) |
| P for trend | 0.218 | 0.197 | 0.556 | |||
| Quartiles of docosahexaenoic acid intake (22:6n-3) | ||||||
| q1 | 0.140 | 74 (38.5) | 118 (61.5) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| q2 | 0.206 | 82 (42.5) | 111 (57.5) | 0.85 (0.57–1.28) | 0.86 (0.57–1.30) | 0.95 (0.61–1.47) |
| q3 | 0.290 | 93 (48.2) | 100 (51.8) | 0.67 (0.45–1.01) | 0.67 (0.44–1.00) | 0.60 (0.38–0.93) |
| q4 | 0.435 | 86 (44.6) | 107 (55.4) | 0.78 (0.52–1.17) | 0.77 (0.51–1.17) | 0.94 (0.60–1.47) |
| P for trend | 0.216 | 0.199 | 0.584 | |||
| Quartiles of Total omega-3 fatly acid intake | ||||||
| q1 | 0.943 | 67 (34.9) | 125 (65.1) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| q2 | 1.275 | 87 (45.1) | 106 (54.9) | 0.65 (0.43–0.99) | 0.63 (0.42–0.96) | 0.63 (0.40–0.99) |
| q3 | 1.603 | 86 (44.6) | 107 (55.4) | 0.67 (0.44–1.01) | 0.64 (0.42–0.97) | 0.61 (0.38–0.97) |
| q4 | 2.007 | 95 (49.2) | 98 (50.8) | 0.55 (0.37–0.83) | 0.52 (0.34–0.80) | 0.55 (0.35–0.88) |
| P for trend | 0.008 | 0.005 | 0.022 | |||
| Quartiles of sum of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid intake | ||||||
| q1 | 0.217 | 76 (39.6) | 116 (60.4) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| q2 | 0.322 | 79 (40.9) | 114 (59.1) | 0.95 (0.63–1.42) | 0.96 (0.64–1.44) | 1.00 (0.65–1.56) |
| q3 | 0.456 | 94 (48.7) | 99 (51.3) | 0.69 (0.46–1.03) | 0.68 (0.45–1.02) | 0.64 (0.41–0.98) |
| q4 | 0.700 | 86 (44.6) | 107 (55.4) | 0.82 (0.54–1.22) | 0.81 (0.54–1.22) | 0.96 (0.61–1.49) |
| P for trend | 0.237 | 0.221 | 0.648 | |||
a
HADS-D: Depression subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.
b
Adjusted for age, sex, performance status, clinical stage, histology, pain, breathlessness, employment, smoking, alcohol consumption, and body mass index as covariates.
c
95% confidence interval.