Table 4.

Neuroimaging studies: representative recent structural MRI studies in patients with first-episode schizophrenia

Reference	Nr of patients/controls	Imaging focus	Findings
Bagary et al 2003	30/30	Magnetic transfer imaging, whole brain MRI	Diffuse gray and white matter tissue loss
Cahn et al 2002	34/36	Volumetric analysis, whole brain	7.7% lateral ventricular volume increase, 1.2% whole brain volume decrease over 1 year; associated with poorer outcome
Ho, Alicata, et al 2003	156	Volumetric analysis, whole brain	Mean DUP of 74 weeks; DUP unrelated to brain or neurocognitive abnormalities
Job et al 2002	34/36	Voxel based morphometrics, whole brain	Gray matter volume reductions in cingulate, ?frontal, and temporal lobe structures
Kasai et al 2003b	13–15/14	Volumetric analysis, STG and hippocampus	Progressive volume reduction of 9.6% in gray matter in posterior STG and of 8.4% in anterior STG over 1.5 years in first-episode schizophrenia
Keshavan et al 2002	31/31	Volumetric analysis, corpus callosum	Selective regional reductions in corpus callosum
Kim et al 2003	25/25	Volumetric analysis, STG	Anterior and posterior STG decrements associated with positive and negative symptoms, respectively
Kubicki et al 2002	16 and 16a/18	Voxel-based morphometrics, whole brain MRI	Less STG reduction in bipolar vs schizophrenia patients
Smith et al 2003	33/19	Hippocampus	Hippocampal fissure dilation, associated with poor educational achievement
Sumich et al 2002	16/16	Volumetric analysis, temporal lobe	Reductions in hippocampus (bilateral) and in planum temporale (left)

^aSixteen patients with first-episode schizophrenia and 16 patients with first-episode affective psychosis.

Abbreviations: DUP, duration of untreated psychosis; STG, superior temporal gyrus.