An increasing number of Tp cocultured with DC, not their secretion products (TCM), induce a greater secretion of TGF-β and IL-10. Cells (106/ml) were cultured in medium at different Tp/cell ratios (1/1, 4/1, or 8/1) or %TCM concentrations (10, 50, or 100%) with or without LPS for 24 h. Both TGF-β (A) and IL-10 (B and C) levels were determined by ELISA. ND, not detected. The results are represented as the means ± the SEM of three independent experiments.