Table 3.
PHQ-9 scores | T2D (n = 3530) | High risk (n = 5051) | Low risk (n = 5335) |
---|---|---|---|
Summary score, mean (SD) | 5.43 (5.72) | 5.28 (5.58) | 3.86 (4.88)* |
% with minimal depression | 57.2 | 58.4 | 69.8* |
% with mild depression | 23.2 | 23.5 | 18.9 |
% with moderate-to-severe depression | 19.6 | 18.1 | 11.3* |
p < 0.01, T2D vs. low risk. PHQ, Patient Health Questionnaire; SHIELD, Study to Help Improve Early evaluation and management of risk factors Leading to Diabetes; T2D, type 2 diabetes mellitus.