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Femoral torsional loading to failure. A) The testing fixture restrains the top end of the femur holder from axial rotation while the bottom is axially rotated (indicated by black arrow) at a constant rate of 0.75 rad/sec by a cable wrapped around the ball bearing supported shaft and pulled by the 5 kg load cell attached to the test machine’s crosshead. Struts (indicated by white arrows) are cut prior to rotation. B) A typical post-test spiral fracture.
