Table 1.
The prevalence of genital herpes and associated factors among pregnant women
| Characteristics | N (%) | HSV-2 prevalence % (95% CI) | Age-adjusted OR (95% CI) | Multivariate analysis OR (95% CI) |
| Total | 1296 | 20.7 (18.53–23.00) | ||
| Clinic | ||||
| Basotu | 242 (18.7) | 7.0 (4.27 – 11.21) | 1 | 1 |
| Haydom | 319 (24.6) | 23.8 (19.33 – 28.86) | 4.2 (2.41 – 7.31) * | 4.2 (2.39 – 7.41) * |
| Muslur | 192 (14.8) | 32.8 (26.32 – 40.00) | 6.5 (3.63 – 11.52) * | 6.8 (3.76 – 12.27) * |
| Dangayda | 113 (8.7) | 32.9 (23.59 – 41.38) | 6.0 (3.19 – 11.35) * | 5.3 (2.78 – 10.16) * |
| Mwanga | 249 (19.2) | 20.1 (15.40 – 25.71) | 3.3 (1.86 – 5.95) * | 3.3 (1.84 – 6.02) * |
| Nduguti | 181 (14.0) | 14.4 (9.76 – 20.53) | 2.2 (1.16 – 4.23) * | 2.2 (1.15 – 4.24) * |
| Age groups (years) | ||||
| 15–19 | 165 (12.7) | 19.5 (13.91 – 26.58) | 1 | |
| 20–24 | 417 (32.2) | 19.4 (15.80 – 23.62) | 1.0 (0.63 – 1.57) | 0.8 (0.48 – 1.28) |
| 25–29 | 349 (26.9) | 17.4 (13.69 – 21.90) | 0.9 (0.54 – 1.40) | 0.7 (0.41 – 1.13) |
| 30–34 | 224 (17.3) | 24.5 (19.58 – 31.30) | 1.3 (0.82 – 2.19) | 0.9 (0.55 – 1.61) |
| ≥35 | 141 (10.9) | 27.7 (20.62 – 35.93) | 1.6 (0.92 – 2.69) | 1.0 (0.56 – 1.77) |
| Marital status | ||||
| Married | 1183 (91.3) | 20.9 (18.62 – 23.33) | 1 | __ |
| Single/divorced/separated/widow | 113(8.7) | 18.6 (12.12 – 27.23) | 1.1 (0.68 – 1.91) | |
| Education (years) | ||||
| None | 349 (28.2) | 20.9 (16.85 – 25.64) | 1 | __ |
| 1–6 years | 174 (13.4) | 17.8 (12.60 – 24.49) | 0.8 (0.51 – 1.40) | |
| 7 years or more | 773 (59.7) | 21.2 (18.42 – 24.30) | 1.0 (0.74 – 1.9) | |
| a Polygamous relationship | ||||
| No | 1024 (79.0) | 17.5 (15.23–19.90) | 1 | |
| Yes | 272 (21.0) | 32.7 (27.24–38.69) | 2.2 (1.63 – 3.01) * | 2.2 (1.62 – 2.99) * |
| b Age at first pregnancy | ||||
| < 18 years | 158 (14.0) | 23.4 (17.21 – 30.94) | 1 | |
| ≥ 18 years | 974 (86.0) | 20.4 (17.97 – 23.13) | 1.2 (0.85–1.73) | 1.2 (0.82 – 1.70) |
| Number of lifetime sexual partners | ||||
| One only | 1231 (95.0) | 18.2 (16.14 – 20.54) | 1 | |
| More than one | 65 (5.0) | 35.3 (24.36 – 47.90) | 2.0 (1.21 – 3.46) * | 1.8 (1.04 – 3.04) |
| Use of contraceptives other than condom | ||||
| No | 1088 (84.0) | 19.2 (16.93–21.71) | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 208 (16.0) | 28.4 (22.45–35.09) | 1.7 (1.20–2.37)* | 1.7 (1.21–2.41) * |
| History of sexually transmitted infections | ||||
| No | 1135 (87.6) | 19.8 (17.56 – 22.29) | 1 | |
| Yes | 161 (12.4) | 27.0 (20.20 – 34.35) | 1.5 (1.01 – 2.17) | 1.3 (0.87–1.92) |
| Ever used condom | ||||
| No | 1233 (95.1) | 20.6(18.47 – 23.07) | 1 | __ |
| Yes | 63 (4.9) | 20.6 (11.85 – 33.04) | 1.1 (0.56 – 1.97) |
aRelationship with a man having more than one female sexual partner regardless of marital status
b Analysed for those aged 20 ≥ years at the time of survey
Total HSV-2 positive (n = 268/1296)
*P-values: < 0.01