Table 2.
The prevalence of syphilis and associated factors among pregnant women
| Characteristics | N (%) | Syphilis prevalence % (95% CI) | Age-adjusted OR (95% CI) (p-value) | Multivariate analysis OR (95% CI) (p-value) |
| Total | 1296 | 1.6 (1.03 – 2.51) | ||
| Age groups (years) | ||||
| 15–19 | 165 (12.7) | 0 | __ | __ |
| 20–24 | 417 (32.2) | 2.4 (1.22 – 4.51) | ||
| 25–29 | 349 (26.9) | 0.9 (0.22 – 2.69) | ||
| 30–34 | 224 (17.3) | 3.1 (1.38 – 6.60) | ||
| ≥35 | 141 (10.9) | 0.7 (0.03 – 4.47) | ||
| Marital status | ||||
| Married | 1183 (91.3) | 1.8 (1.13 – 2.75) | ||
| Single/divorced/separated/widow | 113 (8.7) | 0 | __ | __ |
| Education (years) | ||||
| None | 349 (28.2) | 2.3 (1.07 – 4.64) | 1 | |
| 1–6 years | 174 (13.4) | 1.7 (0.45 – 5.36) | 0.8 (0.20 – 2.85) | |
| 7 years or more | 773 (59.7) | 1.3 (0.66 – 2.48) | 0.6 (0.22 – 1.43) | __ |
| Polygamous relationship | ||||
| No | 1024 (79.0) | 1.1 (0.57 – 1.98) | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 272 (21.0) | 3.7 (1.88 – 6.87) | 2.7 (1.08 – 6.64) (p = 0.03) | 2.6 (1.06 – 6.51) (p = 0.03) |
| a Age at first pregnancy | ||||
| < 18 years | 158 (14.0) | 2.5 (0.81 – 6.76) | __ | |
| ≥ 18 years | 974 (86.0) | 1.7 (1.05 – 2.84) | ||
| Outcome of previous pregnancy (n = 1155) | ||||
| Live child | 916 (79.3) | 1.3 (0.71 – 2.34) | 1 | 1 |
| Stillbirth | 140 (12.1) | 2.1 (0.55 – 6.62) | 1.6 (0.45 – 5.92) | 2.4 (0.64 – 8.95) |
| Spontaneous abortion | 99 (8.57) | 6.1 (2.49 – 13.24) | 4.9 (1.78 – 13.25) (p = 0.00) | 4.3 (1.52 – 12.02) (p = 0.00) |
| Number of lifetime sexual partners | ||||
| One only | 1231 (95.0) | 1.2 (0.71 – 2.05) | 1 | 1 |
| More than one | 65 (5.0) | 8.8 (3.64 – 18.85) | 7.8 (2.94 – 20.86) (p = 0.00) | 5.4 (1.88 – 15.76) (p = 0.00) |
| Use of contraceptives other than condom | ||||
| No | 1088 (84.0) | 1.8 (1.16 – 2.88) | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 208 (16.0) | 0.5 (0.02 – 3.06) | 0.3(0.03 – 1.93) | 0.3 (0.04 – 2.66) |
| History of sexually transmitted infections | ||||
| No | 1135 (87.6) | 1.4 (0.84 – 2.33) | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 161 (12.4) | 3.1 (1.15 – 7.48) | 2.2 (0.81 – 6.20) | 1.8 (0.60 – 5.18) |
| Ever used condom | ||||
| No | 1233 (95.1) | 1.7 (1.08 – 2.64) | __ | __ |
| Yes | 63 (4.9) | 0 |
Total syphilis positive (n = 21/1296). Results for analysis of syphilis prevalence by clinic locations are not shown due to very small numbers or none-to give any substantial statistical inference.
a Analysed for those aged 20 ≥ years at the time of survey (n = 1132)