Table 1.
Demographic data and differences between groups on facial affect recognition tasks
| Chronic schizophrenia (n=86) | First-episode (n=50) | Multi-episode (n=53) | Non-psychiatric controls (n=55) | F value of ANOVA | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age: mean (s.d.) | 19.2 (2.6)†§ | 25.6 (8.0) | 35.5 (7.2)†§ | 21.2 (6.1) | F=79.37*** |
|
| |||||
| Male, % | 57 | 60 | 72 | 60 | NS |
|
| |||||
| Completed high school, % | 53.7 | 66.0 | 71.7 | 72.2 | NS |
|
| |||||
| Ethnicity, % | |||||
| White | 83.7 | 78.0 | 92 | 92.7 | NS |
| African–American | 7 | 4.0 | 0 | 1.8 | |
| Other | 9.3 | 18.0 | 8 | 5.4 | |
|
| |||||
| PANSS Positive score: mean (s.d.) | 12.64 (2.84) | 11.64 (5.38)‡ | 13.89 (5.38)† | N/A | F=3.41* |
|
| |||||
| PANSS negative score, mean | 11.79†‡§ | 14.72 | 14.32 | N/A | F=6.78** |
|
| |||||
| PANSS GPS score, mean | 26.76 | 26.88 | 29.35 | N/A | NS |
|
| |||||
| Facial affect identification | 12.72 (2.56) | 12.71 (2.73) | 12.12 (2.66) | 14.50 (2.04)†‡# | F=11.98*** |
|
| |||||
| Facial affect discrimination | 25.76 (1.85) | 24.79 (2.66) | 24.85 (2.70) | 26.64 (2.02)†‡# | F=6.94*** |
N/A, not applicable; NS, not significant; GPS, General Psychopathology Scale; PANSS, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale.