Table 2.
Outcomes of both study groups until one year after delivery
| Usual Care (3 months) N = 56 Mean (SD) | Experimental Intervention (3 months) N = 58 Mean (SD) | Usual Care (6 months) N = 49 Mean (SD) | Experimental Intervention (6 months) N = 56 Mean (SD) | Usual Care (One Year) N = 49 Mean (SD) | Experimental Intervention (One year) N = 56 Mean (SD) | |
| Primary outcomes | ||||||
| RDQ (0–24) | 6.8 (5.5) | 4.5 (4.9) | 4.9 (4.8) | 4.5 (5.4) | 3.4 (4.2) | 3.5 (4.9) |
| MC (VAS) (0–100) | 26.8 (21.0) | 21.0 (21.9) | 20.5 (21.8) | 19.7 (21.5) | 17.8 (18.8) | 17.6 (20.5) |
| GPE*: n/% | 37 (66.1) | 43 (74.1) | 37 (75.5) | 46 (82.1) | 41 (83.6) | 46 (82.1) |
| GPE p-value◇ | 0.28 | 0.47 | 0.5 | |||
| VAS (0–100) (pain today) | 26.3 (19.9) | 24.3 (24.1) | 20.7 (20.6) | 22.5 (23.5) | 17.4 (19.9) | 20.7 (23.1) |
| VAS (0–100) (pain this week) | 29.6 (21.7) | 25.3 (23.0) | 22.3 (21.5) | 23.2 (23.6) | 18.5 (19.7) | 23.7 (23.8) |
| Secondary outcomes | ||||||
| IPA: | ||||||
| Autonomy in self-care (0–28) | 4.0 (4.6) | 3.0 (4.3) | 3.3 (4.2) | 2.4 (4.1) | 2.8 (3.5) | 2.6 (4.0) |
| Mobility and leisure (0–20) | 6.3 (4.0) | 5.6 (4.4) | 5.2 (3.8) | 4.8 (4.4) | 4.5 (3.4) | 4.5 (4.6) |
| Family role (0–28) | 9.2 (5.1) | 7.8 (5.8) | 7.5 (5.3) | 6.6 (5.8) | 5.8 (5.0) | 6.0 (6.3) |
| Social relationships (0–24) | 4.4 (2.9) | 4.0 (3.3) | 3.8 (2.9) | 3.8 (3.5) | 3.7 (2.8) | 3.7 (3.2) |
| TSK: | ||||||
| Total score (17–68) | 32.4 (5.6) | 28.6 (6.0) | 32.3 (5.7) | 28.6 (5.9) | 31.0 (6.3) | 28.7 (6.7) |
| Activity Avoidance (8–32) | 16.2 (3.7) | 13.5 (4.0) | 15.7 (4.0) | 13.3 (3.9) | 14.8 (4.0) | 13.3 (3.8) |
| Harm (5–20) | 7.9 (2.4) | 7.2 (2.3) | 7.9 (2.6) | 7.3 (2.4) | 7.6 (2.5) | 7.6 (2.4) |
| SF-36: | ||||||
| General Health (0–100) | 59.2 (13.7) | 61.4 (14.0) | 60.9 (13.8) | 61.9 (13.0) | 62.4 (13.9) | 61.2 (16.2) |
| EuroQol (0–1) | 0.7 (0.2) | 0.7 (0.2) | 0.7 (0.2) | 0.7 (0.2) | 0.79 (0.1) | 0.75 (0.2) |
Ratings on a 7-point scale are dichotomized as improved (completely recovered and much improved) and not-improved (slightly improved, not changed and slightly/much/vastly worsened).
◇ results of binary logistic regression; p-value
RDQ = Roland Disability Questionnaire, MC = Main Complaint, VAS = Visual Analog rating Scale, IPA = Impact on Participation and Autonomy, TSK = Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia, Fear Avoidance = subscale TSK consisting items 1,2, 9, 10, 13, 14, 15, 17, Harm = subscale TSK consisting items 3, 5, 6, 11, SF 36 = Short Form 36