Table 1.
Characteristics of the study subjectsa.
| Exposed workers | Non-exposed workers | ||||
| N | % | N | % | ||
| Sexb** | Male/Female | 107/25 | 81/19 | 55/59 | 48/52 |
| Smoker | No+Former/Yes | 77/52 | 60/40 | 71/42 | 63/37 |
| Atopy | Negative/Positive | 94/37 | 72/28 | 82/31 | 73/27 |
| SYMPTOMS | |||||
| Eye symptomsb** | No/Yes | 71/57 | 55/45 | 89/25 | 78/22 |
| Wheeze etc. | No/Yes | 88/41 | 68/32 | 90/24 | 79/21 |
| Dry coughb** | No/Yes | 88/39 | 69/31 | 101/13 | 89/11 |
| Cough with mucus | No/Yes | 84/44 | 66/34 | 87/27 | 76/24 |
| Nose bleedb** | No/Yes | 96/28 | 78/23 | 107/7 | 94/6 |
| GENOTYPES/PHENOTYPES | |||||
| GSTM1 | +/- | 65/67 | 49/51 | 65/49 | 57/43 |
| GSTT1 | +/- | 110/22 | 83/17 | 97/17 | 85/15 |
| GSTM3 | AA/AB/BB | 94/36/2 | 71/27/2 | 78/31/5 | 68/27/4 |
| GSTP1*105 | II/IV/VV | 68/51/13 | 52/39/10 | 57/46/11 | 50/40/10 |
| GSTP1*114 | AA/AV | 114/18 | 86/14 | 103/11 | 90/10 |
| GSTP1*105 +114 | A/B/C | 68/46/18 | 51/35/14 | 57/46/11 | 50/40/10 |
| NAT1 phenotype | S/IM/R | 3/88/41 | 2/67/31 | 3/76/35 | 3/67/30 |
| NAT2 phenotype | S/IM/R | 89/33/10 | 67/25/8 | 73/38/3 | 64/33/3 |
| MPOb** | GG/GA/AA | 97/29/6 | 73/22/5 | 74/40/0 | 65/35/0 |
| SULT1A1 | GG/GA/AA | 43/77/12 | 33/58/9 | 46/54/14 | 40/47/12 |
| CYP1A1*2A | A/B/C | 116/14/2 | 88/11/2 | 97/16/1 | 85/14/1 |
| CYP1A1*2B | AA/AG/GG | 126/5/1 | 95/4/1 | 107/7/0 | 94/6/0 |
| TNF-308 | GG/GA/AA | 83/35/4 | 68/29/3 | 69/35/5 | 63/32/5 |
| TNF-863 | CC/CA/AA | 93/28/6 | 73/22/5 | 78/32/2 | 70/29/2 |
| CCL5 | GG/GA/AA | 84/38/5 | 66/30/4 | 72/36/4 | 64/32/4 |
| HLA-DQB1*05 | -/+ | 88/39 | 69/31 | 87/25 | 78/22 |
| HLA-DQB1*0501b* | -/+ | 98/29 | 77/23 | 98/14 | 88/12 |
| HLA-DQB1*0502 | -/+ | 118/9 | 93/7 | 105/7 | 94/6 |
| HLA-DQB1*0503 | -/+ | 125/2 | 98/2 | 108/4 | 96/4 |
| HLA-DQB1*0504 | -/+ | 126/1 | 99/1 | 112/0 | 100/0 |
aData was incomplete for some individuals studied, but these study subjects were included in the analyses when possible. Due to variations in success rate of the genotype analyses, the number of analyzed individuals differs to some extent between the different polymorphisms. Moreover, all 246 individuals approved analysis of metabolizing genes, whereas 239 individuals approved analysis of immune-related genes.
bStatistically significant differences between exposed and non-exposed workers.
*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.