TABLE 1—
Low SEP | Middle SEP | High SEP | |
Total, no. | 878 | 878 | 879 |
Black, % | 61.3 | 38.8 | 26.5 |
Age, y, mean (SD) | 36.8 (13.0) | 38.7 (12.7) | 41.2 (11.3) |
Education, y, % | |||
≤ 11 | 36.3 | 6.5 | 0.9 |
12 | 53.8 | 51.0 | 19.1 |
≥ 13 | 9.9 | 42.4 | 80.0 |
PIR score,a mean (SD) | 1.5 (0.8) | 3.0 (1.0) | 4.6 (1.8) |
SEI score,b mean (SD) | 23.6 (6.4) | 31.4 (9.1) | 58.0 (21.1) |
Parity, no., % | |||
0 | 14.7 | 24.6 | 27.9 |
1 | 17.1 | 19.3 | 18.8 |
2 | 27.1 | 27.9 | 30.8 |
3 | 19.8 | 15.8 | 12.5 |
4–6 | 18.5 | 11.3 | 9.7 |
≥ 7 | 2.9 | 0.9 | 0.3 |
Parity, mean (SD) | 2.4 (1.9) | 1.8 (1.6) | 1.6 (1.4) |
No. of years since most recent birth, mean (SD) | 11.7 (10.6) | 13.6 (10.9) | 14.1 (10.3) |
Dental insurance coverage, % | 53.4 | 67.2 | 68.5 |
One or more dental visits per year, % | 37.6 | 60.8 | 77.6 |
Married, % | 49.1 | 61.9 | 73.6 |
Median no. of contacts per week | 50.7 | 52.0 | 46.3 |
1 or more days with no food/money for food in previous month, % | 7.3 | 1.8 | 0.5 |
Current smoking, % | 33.5 | 24.8 | 16.3 |
Median serum cotinine level, μg/mL | 1.1 | 0.4 | 0.2 |
No. of servings of cariogenic foods per month, mean (SD) | 64.4 (55.7) | 50.1 (46.8) | 41.8 (33.3) |
Diabetes (self-reported), % | 6.5 | 2.3 | 3.2 |
No. of missing teeth,c mean (SD) | 5.2 (6.37) | 3.8 (5.50) | 2.3 (4.27) |
Note. PIR = poverty–income ratio; SEI = Duncan socioeconomic index. With the exception of social support (P = .60), all demographic factors differed significantly between the 3 socioeconomic tertiles (P ≤ .001).
aPIR is the ratio of the midpoint of a family’s income category to the inflation-adjusted poverty threshold; a ratio below 1 indicates that the family is below the poverty threshold.
bThe SEI is an occupational prestige measure used by the US Census Bureau, which is a mixture of occupational prestige scores and census occupation scores.
cMedian numbers of missing teeth were 3, 1, and 0 in the low, middle, and high tertiles, respectively.