Table 1.

Most students do not use efficient learning strategies

Study methods	Number of responses
	Strategic	Nonstrategic
Read and reread		68
Make summaries	29
Regular revision		17
Do exercises		17
Take notes in class	17
Make schemas	16
Listen attentively in class	15
Cram		7
Memorize		7
Other	5	28
Total	82	144

Responses elicited by an anonymous survey of study strategies used were grouped into similar types and the types classified as either cognitive learning strategies or not based on a list of learning strategies (provided in Supplemental Material 2) compiled from the literature (Barbeau et al., 1997).