Comparison of NH2-terminal amino acid sequences (A) and total cysteine residues (B) of IGFBP superfamily. (A) Sequences of IGFBPs 1–7 (1–7), CTGF (10), nov oncogene (22), and cyr61 (S.R.N., unpublished data) were aligned using the DNAstar MegAlign program (Madison, WI). Consensus signal sequences are boxed by a broken line. The characteristic IGFBP motif (GCGCCXXC) is boxed by a solid line. Conserved cysteine residues in the family are marked with asterisks. We have named mac-25 IGFBP-7 and have named CTGF IGFBP-8. We have tentatively named the protein products of the nov and cyr61 genes IGFBP-9 and IGFBP-10, respectively. (B) The conservation of the cysteine residues is shown by the vertical lines. The numbers on the right represent the total conserved cysteines among IGFBPs. The shaded regions represent the conserved domain of IGFBPs in their NH2 or COOH terminus.