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Relationships between PGA performance and various parameters. The X-axis shows the number of iterations, while the Y-axis shows the fitness score. (A) Comparison of the performance of genetic algorithms with different crossover operators. (B–D) Parameter settings for the relative importance of pheromone trail and the visibility (β), the pheromone trail persistence (ρ) and the probability for pseudo-random-proportional selection (q0).
