Table 1.
Distribution of SES (educational level) in the study group and the prevalence of women with impaired respiratory health by SES
| SES: all grades | <10 years | = 10 years of school education | >10 years | ||||||
| N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | ||
| SES | 1251 | 100 | 318 | 25.4 | 637 | 50.9 | 296 | 23.7 | |
| Indicators of impaired respiratory health | p-value1 of linear trend effect of SES | ||||||||
| Frequent cough | 1247 | 26.3 | 316 | 30.1 | 636 | 26.7 | 295 | 21.4 | 0.0152 |
| Frequent cough with phlegm production | 1240 | 12.9 | 312 | 16.0 | 633 | 12.3 | 295 | 10.9 | 0.0561 |
| Chronic bronchitis diagnosed by a physician | 1245 | 11.2 | 317 | 10.1 | 635 | 12.9 | 293 | 8.5 | 0.5785 |
| Bronchial asthma | 1238 | 3.6 | 312 | 4.8 | 632 | 3.6 | 294 | 2.0 | 0.0683 |
| COPD | 1207 | 4.1 | 303 | 5.3 | 614 | 4.9 | 290 | 1.4 | 0.0193 |
| FEV1 <80% predicted | 1251 | 20.5 | 318 | 24.5 | 637 | 20.9 | 296 | 15.2 | 0.0045 |
| FVC <80% predicted | 1251 | 26.8 | 318 | 33.3 | 637 | 26.2 | 296 | 21.0 | 0.0005 |
! Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test
Abbreviations:
FEV1: Forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FVC: Forced vital capacity; COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease