Table 3.
Frequent cough N = 1212 |
Frequent cough with phlegm production N = 1205 |
Bronchial asthma N = 1203 |
COPD N = 1172 |
FEV1 <80 N = 1216 |
FVC <80 N = 1216 |
||
Occupational exposure1 | OR | 2.01 | 1.94 | 1.59 | 1.94 | 1.86 | 1.69 |
95%CI | (1.44–2.82) | (1.28–2.95) | (0.75–3.38) | (0.97–3.90) | (1.30–2.66) | (1.20–2.37) | |
p-value | <0.001 | 0.002 | 0.224 | 0.062 | 0.001 | 0.002 | |
Current smoker | OR | 2.03 | 1.99 | 2.34 | 3.32 | 2.22 | 1.47 |
95%CI | (1.48–2.78) | (1.34–2.94) | (1.22–4.49) | (1.81–6.12) | (1.59–3.09) | (1.07–2.03) | |
p-value | <0.001 | 0.001 | 0.011 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.018 | |
Non-smoker with ETS2 | OR | 1.05 | 1.06 | 0.76 | 1.15 | 1.07 | 0.99 |
95%CI | (0.78–1.41) | (0.71–1.58) | (0.36–1.63) | (0.55–2.42) | (0.78–1.49) | (0.75–1.32) | |
p-value | 0.740 | 0.772 | 0.479 | 0.706 | 0.674 | 0.966 | |
PM10 5-year mean [7 μg/m3] | OR | 1.06 | 1.09 | 0.94 | 1.25 | 1.46 | 1.44 |
95%CI | (0.87–1.28) | (0.85–1.41) | (0.60–1.46) | (0.79–1.99) | (1.17–1.82) | (1.18–1.76) | |
p-value | 0.565 | 0.489 | 0.771 | 0.340 | 0.001 | <0.001 | |
Distance to major road (< = 100 m) with >10.000 cars/day | OR | 1.13 | 1.02 | 1.04 | 1.69 | 1.30 | 1.07 |
95%CI | (0.83–1.53) | (0.68–1.53) | (0.51–2.13) | (0.90–3.18) | (0.94–1.79) | 0.79–1.45 | |
p-value | 0.431 | 0.929 | 0.920 | 0.101 | 0.118 | 0.678 |
1 Dust, gases, vapours, wet conditions or extreme temperature
2 300 current smokers were excluded from the analysis
Abbreviations:
OR: Odds ratio; 95%CI: 95% Confidence interval; NO2: Nitrogen dioxide; PM10: Particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter of ≤ 10 μm, calculated as PM10 = 0.71*TSP; TSP: Total suspended particles; FEV1: Forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FVC: Forced vital capacity; COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease