Table 3.

Bivariate associations of respiratory health risk factors with respiratory health indicators by logistic regression

		Frequent cough N = 1212	Frequent cough with phlegm production N = 1205	Bronchial asthma N = 1203	COPD N = 1172	FEV1 <80 N = 1216	FVC <80 N = 1216
Occupational exposure1	OR	2.01	1.94	1.59	1.94	1.86	1.69
	95%CI	(1.44–2.82)	(1.28–2.95)	(0.75–3.38)	(0.97–3.90)	(1.30–2.66)	(1.20–2.37)
	p-value	<0.001	0.002	0.224	0.062	0.001	0.002
Current smoker	OR	2.03	1.99	2.34	3.32	2.22	1.47
	95%CI	(1.48–2.78)	(1.34–2.94)	(1.22–4.49)	(1.81–6.12)	(1.59–3.09)	(1.07–2.03)
	p-value	<0.001	0.001	0.011	<0.001	<0.001	0.018
Non-smoker with ETS2	OR	1.05	1.06	0.76	1.15	1.07	0.99
	95%CI	(0.78–1.41)	(0.71–1.58)	(0.36–1.63)	(0.55–2.42)	(0.78–1.49)	(0.75–1.32)
	p-value	0.740	0.772	0.479	0.706	0.674	0.966
PM10 5-year mean [7 μg/m3]	OR	1.06	1.09	0.94	1.25	1.46	1.44
	95%CI	(0.87–1.28)	(0.85–1.41)	(0.60–1.46)	(0.79–1.99)	(1.17–1.82)	(1.18–1.76)
	p-value	0.565	0.489	0.771	0.340	0.001	<0.001
Distance to major road (< = 100 m) with >10.000 cars/day	OR	1.13	1.02	1.04	1.69	1.30	1.07
	95%CI	(0.83–1.53)	(0.68–1.53)	(0.51–2.13)	(0.90–3.18)	(0.94–1.79)	0.79–1.45
	p-value	0.431	0.929	0.920	0.101	0.118	0.678

¹ Dust, gases, vapours, wet conditions or extreme temperature

² 300 current smokers were excluded from the analysis

Abbreviations:

OR: Odds ratio; 95%CI: 95% Confidence interval; NO_2: Nitrogen dioxide; PM₁₀: Particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter of ≤ 10 μm, calculated as PM₁₀ = 0.71*TSP; TSP: Total suspended particles; FEV₁: Forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FVC: Forced vital capacity; COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease