Figure 2.

Frequencies of resting CD4⁺ T cells carrying various forms of HIV-1 DNA in patients receiving HAART with undetectable and detectable plasma virus and drug naive patients. (A) Frequencies of resting CD4⁺ T cells carrying total and integrated HIV-1 DNA. The copy numbers of HIV-1 DNA including both unintegrated and integrated HIV-1 DNA in purified resting CD4⁺ T cells in patients were calculated as described in the text. The frequencies of resting CD4⁺ T cells with integrated HIV-1 DNA was determined by Alu-LTR PCR by using serially diluted genomic DNA from resting CD4⁺ T cells (Fig. 1). (B) Frequencies of resting CD4⁺ T cells carrying replication-competent HIV-1 DNA were determined by activating purified resting CD4⁺ T cells on day 0. Frequencies of resting CD4⁺ T cells carrying persistent replication-competent HIV-1 DNA were determined by activating 6 day pre-incubated cells in the absence of activating stimuli. For each assay, a statistical method was used by Myers et al. (25) to calculate copy numbers or infectious units per million resting CD4⁺ T cells. The geometric mean frequencies and corresponding 95% confidence intervals for each data set are plotted to the right of the individual donor values. The letters a, b, and c in each panel refer to the three separate groups of patients: a, HAART treated, <500 copies HIV RNA/ml; b, HAART treated, >500 copies HIV RNA/ml; c, untreated.