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Two of the simplest possible effects of changes in gene copy number on organismal fitness. (A) Changes in copy number of genes that encode for enzymes should follow the Kacser and Burns hypothesis. That is, the effects on fitness are dictated by the activity of the enzymatic pathway rather than by the enzyme concentration. On the other hand (B), changes in copy number of structural genes such β-tubulin have much more deleterious effect on fitness.
