Table 1.
Participant characteristics (N = 52)
| Characteristic | Control (n = 25) | Intervention (n = 27) | All (N = 52) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years): mean 3 S.D. | 57.0 ± 12.47 | 57.0 ± 14.56 | 57.0 ± 13.5 |
| Diabetes duration (years): Mean 3 S.D. | 8.5 ± 6.23 | 8.3 ± 6.31 | 8.4 ± 6.2 |
| BMI (kg/m2): mean 3 S.D. | 33.8 ± 4.86 | 36.05 ± 6.67 | 35.0 ± 5.9 |
| HbA1c: mean 3 S.D. | 8.4 ± 1.06 | 8.3 ± 1.23 | 8.6 ± 1.2 |
| Gender: n (%) | |||
| Female | 12 (48) | 15 (56) | 27 (52) |
| Male | 13 (52) | 12 (44) | 25 (48) |
| Race: n (%) | |||
| White | 22 (88) | 25 (93) | 47 (90) |
| African American | 3 (12) | 2 (7) | 5 (10) |
| Ethnicity: n (%) | |||
| Not Hispanic or Latino | 23 (92) | 25 (93) | 48 (92) |
| Hispanic or Latino | 2 (8) | 2 (7) | 4 (8) |
| Marital status: n (%) | |||
| Single | 5 (20) | 8 (30) | 13 (25) |
| Married | 15 (60) | 14 (52) | 29 (56) |
| Divorced | 2 (8) | 4 (15) | 6 (12) |
| Widowed | 3 (12) | 1 (4) | 4 (8) |
| Education: n (%) | |||
| Graduate or Professional Training | 4 (16) | 5 (19) | 9 (17) |
| College or University Graduate | 3 (12) | 4 15) | 7 (14) |
| Partial College Education | 7 (26) | 10 (37) | 17 (33) |
| High School Graduate | 10 (40) | 7 (26) | 17 (33) |
| Partial High School Education | 1 (4) | 1 (4) | 2 (4) |
| Smoking history: n (%) | 13 (52) | 16 (60) | 29 (56) |
| Currently smoking: n (%) | 0 | 5 (19)a | 5 (1) |
a
p < 0.05 applicable.