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Proposed mechanism by which 6-gingerol induces apoptosis and suppresses cell growth in human CRC. 6-Gingerol can activate GSK-3 and PKCε to increase NAG-1 expression and downregulate cyclin D1 by the inactivation of β-catenin signaling and increase of proteolysis. Upregulation of NAG-1 and downregulation of cyclin D1 by 6-gingerol results in the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in human colorectal cancer cells.
